Define Labor Force: Define the concept of labor force, employment opportunities, and unemployment. $\newline$ Labor force (tenaga kerja) is the total number of people who are eligible and willing to work. Employment opportunities (kesempatan kerja) refer to the number of jobs available in the economy. Unemployment (pengangguran) is the condition where individuals who are capable and willing to work are unable to find jobs.
Calculate Unemployed $2000$ : Calculate the number of unemployed individuals for the year $2000$ . $\newline$ Unemployed in $2000$ = Labor force - Employment opportunities $\newline$ = $12,210,121 - 11,787,140$ $\newline$ = $422,981$
Calculate Unemployment Rate $2000$ : Calculate the unemployment rate for the year $2000$ . $\newline$ Unemployment rate = $(\frac{\text{Number of unemployed}}{\text{Labor force}}) \times 100$ $\newline$ = $(\frac{422,981}{12,210,121}) \times 100$ $\newline$ = $3.46\%$
Calculate Unemployed $2001$ : Calculate the number of unemployed individuals for the year $2001$ . $\newline$ Unemployed in $2001$ $=$ Labor force $-$ Employment opportunities $\newline$ $= 12,580,456 - 12,147,601$ $\newline$ $= 432,855$
Calculate Unemployment Rate $2001$ : Calculate the unemployment rate for the year $2001$ . $\newline$ Unemployment rate = $(\frac{\text{Number of unemployed}}{\text{Labor force}}) \times 100$ $\newline$ = $(\frac{432,855}{12,580,456}) \times 100$ $\newline$ = $3$ . $44$ \%
Calculate Unemployed $2002$ : Calculate the number of unemployed individuals for the year $2002$ . $\newline$ Unemployed in $2002$ $= \text{Labor force} - \text{Employment opportunities}$ $\newline$ $= 13,101,132 - 12,878,731$ $\newline$ $= 222,401$
Calculate Unemployment Rate $2002$ : Calculate the unemployment rate for the year $2002$ . $\newline$ Unemployment rate = $(\frac{\text{Number of unemployed}}{\text{Labor force}}) \times 100$ $\newline$ = $(\frac{222,401}{13,101,132}) \times 100$ $\newline$ = $1$ . $70$ \%
Calculate Unemployed $2003$ : Calculate the number of unemployed individuals for the year $2003$ . $\newline$ Unemployed in $2003$ = Labor force - Employment opportunities $\newline$ = $13,602,543 - 13,231,876$ $\newline$ = $370,667$
Calculate Unemployment Rate $2003$ : Calculate the unemployment rate for the year $2003$ . $\newline$ Unemployment rate = $(\frac{\text{Number of unemployed}}{\text{Labor force}}) \times 100$ $\newline$ = $(\frac{370,667}{13,602,543}) \times 100$ $\newline$ = $2$ . $72$ \%
Define Full Employment: Define full employment opportunity rate. $\newline$ Full employment opportunity rate is the condition in the economy where all individuals who are willing and able to work are employed, with no cyclical unemployment. It does not mean zero unemployment because there's always some level of frictional and structural unemployment.
Define Full Employment: Define full employment opportunity rate. $\newline$ Full employment opportunity rate is the condition in the economy where all individuals who are willing and able to work are employed, with no cyclical unemployment. It does not mean zero unemployment because there's always some level of frictional and structural unemployment.Determine if the economy reached full employment in the year $2000$ and thereafter. $\newline$ Based on the unemployment rates calculated, it's unlikely that the economy reached full employment in any of the years provided as the unemployment rates are above $0\%$ . Full employment typically corresponds to an unemployment rate that is consistent with ＂natural unemployment,＂ which includes frictional and structural unemployment but not cyclical unemployment.