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In an experiment, the probability that event $A$ occurs is $\frac{1}{2}$ , the probability that event $B$ occurs is $\frac{4}{9}$ , and the probability that events $A$ and $B$ both occur is $\frac{1}{6}$ . What is the probability that $A$ occurs given that $B$ occurs? Simplify any fractions.

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Find conditional probabilities

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Q. In an experiment, the probability that event

A

occurs is

\frac{1}{2}

, the probability that event

B

occurs is

\frac{4}{9}

, and the probability that events

A

and

B

both occur is

\frac{1}{6}

. What is the probability that

A

occurs given that

B

occurs? Simplify any fractions.

Use Conditional Probability Formula: To find the probability that $A$ occurs given that $B$ occurs, we use the formula for conditional probability: $P(A|B) = \frac{P(A \text{ and } B)}{P(B)}$ .
Identify Given Probabilities: We know $P(A \text{ and } B) = \frac{1}{6}$ and $P(B) = \frac{4}{9}$ . So, $P(A|B) = \frac{\frac{1}{6}}{\frac{4}{9}}$ .
Calculate $P(A|B)$ : To divide the fractions, we multiply by the reciprocal of the second fraction: $(\frac{1}{6}) \times (\frac{9}{4})$ .
Multiply Fractions: Now, multiply the numerators and denominators: $(1 \times 9) / (6 \times 4)$ .
Simplify Result: This simplifies to $\frac{9}{24}$ , which can be reduced by dividing both the numerator and the denominator by $3$ .
Simplify Result: This simplifies to $\frac{9}{24}$ , which can be reduced by dividing both the numerator and the denominator by $3$ . After reducing, we get $\frac{3}{8}$ . So, the probability that $A$ occurs given that $B$ occurs is $\frac{3}{8}$ .

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