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In an experiment, the probability that event $A$ occurs is $\frac{2}{5}$ , the probability that event $B$ occurs is $\frac{7}{8}$ , and the probability that events $A$ and $B$ both occur is $\frac{7}{20}$ . $\newline$ Are $A$ and $B$ independent events? $\newline$ Choices: $\newline$ (A) yes $\newline$ (B) no

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Identify independent events

Full solution

Q. In an experiment, the probability that event

A

occurs is

\frac{2}{5}

, the probability that event

B

occurs is

\frac{7}{8}

, and the probability that events

A

and

B

both occur is

\frac{7}{20}

.

\newline

Are

A

and

B

independent events?

\newline

Choices:

\newline

(A) yes

\newline

(B) no

Check Independence Criteria: To check if events $A$ and $B$ are independent, we need to see if the probability of $A$ and $B$ occurring together ( $P(A \text{ and } B)$ ) is equal to the product of their individual probabilities ( $P(A) \times P(B)$ ).
Calculate Product of Probabilities: First, calculate the product of $P(A)$ and $P(B)$ . $\newline$ $P(A) \times P(B) = \left(\frac{2}{5}\right) \times \left(\frac{7}{8}\right)$
Simplify Fraction: Now, do the multiplication. $\newline$ $(\frac{2}{5}) \times (\frac{7}{8}) = \frac{14}{40}$ $\newline$ But we need to simplify this fraction.
Compare $P(A \text{ and } B)$ : Simplify $\frac{14}{40}$ to its lowest terms. $\newline$ $\frac{14}{40} = \frac{7}{20}$
Events A and B are Independent: Now, compare $P(A \text{ and } B)$ with the product of $P(A) \times P(B)$ . $\newline$ $P(A \text{ and } B) = \frac{7}{20}$ $\newline$ $P(A) \times P(B) = \frac{7}{20}$
Events A and B are Independent: Now, compare $P(A \text{ and } B)$ with the product of $P(A) \times P(B)$ . $\newline$ $P(A \text{ and } B) = \frac{7}{20}$ $\newline$ $P(A) \times P(B) = \frac{7}{20}$ Since $P(A \text{ and } B)$ is equal to $P(A) \times P(B)$ , events A and B are independent.

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