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Each of these relationships reflects a correlation. Which relationship most likely reflects correlation but not causation? $\newline$ Choices: $\newline$ (A) Wearing a school uniform more often is associated with waking up early more often. $\newline$ (B) Commuting a long distance more often is associated with waking up early more often. $\newline$ (C) Doing chores on a farm more often is associated with waking up early more often.

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Correlation and causation

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Q. Each of these relationships reflects a correlation. Which relationship most likely reflects correlation but not causation?

\newline

Choices:

\newline

(A) Wearing a school uniform more often is associated with waking up early more often.

\newline

(B) Commuting a long distance more often is associated with waking up early more often.

\newline

(C) Doing chores on a farm more often is associated with waking up early more often.

Analyze Relationship of Option (A): Analyze the relationship of option (A): Does wearing a school uniform cause one to wake up early? The answer is likely No, as waking up early is not caused by the act of wearing a school uniform. It's possible that both are correlated because of a common cause, such as school policy requiring both early attendance and uniforms.
Analyze Relationship of Option (B): Analyze the relationship of option (B): Does commuting a long distance cause one to wake up early? The answer is likely Yes, as waking up early could be a consequence of needing to commute a long distance to reach a destination on time. However, this could also be a correlation without causation if, for example, both early waking and long commutes are required by a job.
Analyze Relationship of Option (C): Analyze the relationship of option (C): Does doing chores on a farm cause one to wake up early? The answer is likely Yes, as farm chores often need to be done early in the morning, which would cause someone to wake up early. This suggests a causative relationship.
Select Correlation Without Causation: Finally, select the option that most likely reflects correlation but not causation. The answer is 'Wearing a school uniform more often is associated with waking up early more often.' as the act of wearing a uniform is not a causative factor for waking up early, but both could be correlated due to a third factor such as school policies.

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