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Each of these relationships reflects a correlation. Which relationship most likely reflects correlation but not causation? $\newline$ Choices: $\newline$ (A) Cleaning windows more often is associated with vacuuming more often. $\newline$ (B) Having more dogs is associated with vacuuming more often. $\newline$ (C) Hosting more dinner parties is associated with vacuuming more often.

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Correlation and causation

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Q. Each of these relationships reflects a correlation. Which relationship most likely reflects correlation but not causation?

\newline

Choices:

\newline

(A) Cleaning windows more often is associated with vacuuming more often.

\newline

(B) Having more dogs is associated with vacuuming more often.

\newline

(C) Hosting more dinner parties is associated with vacuuming more often.

Analyze Relationship: Analyze the relationship of the first option $A$ : Does cleaning windows more often cause vacuuming more often? The answer is likely No, as the frequency of cleaning windows does not necessarily cause an increase in vacuuming. Both activities could be correlated because they are part of a general cleaning routine, but one does not cause the other.
Analyze Dogs vs Vacuuming: Analyze the relationship of the second option (B): Does having more dogs cause vacuuming more often? The answer is likely Yes, as dogs shed fur and bring in dirt, which would necessitate more frequent vacuuming. This suggests a causative relationship between the number of dogs and the frequency of vacuuming.
Analyze Dinner Parties: Analyze the relationship of the third option ( extit{C}): Does hosting more dinner parties cause vacuuming more often? The answer is likely No, as the act of hosting dinner parties does not cause the need to vacuum. However, one might vacuum more often to prepare for guests, indicating a correlation but not necessarily causation.
Select Likely Correlation: Finally, select the option that most likely reflects correlation but not causation. The answer is 'Cleaning windows more often is associated with vacuuming more often.' $(A)$ as both are cleaning activities that may occur more frequently together without one causing the other.

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