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Each of these relationships reflects a correlation. Which relationship most likely reflects correlation but not causation? $\newline$ Choices: $\newline$ (A)When a restaurant has more customers, there are more dishes to wash. $\newline$ (B)When a restaurant has more customers, there is less light outside. $\newline$ (C)When a restaurant has more customers, there are fewer empty tables.

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Correlation and causation

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Q. Each of these relationships reflects a correlation. Which relationship most likely reflects correlation but not causation?

\newline

Choices:

\newline

(A)When a restaurant has more customers, there are more dishes to wash.

\newline

(B)When a restaurant has more customers, there is less light outside.

\newline

(C)When a restaurant has more customers, there are fewer empty tables.

Analyzing Relationship (A): Analyze the relationship of option (A): Does having more customers in a restaurant cause there to be more dishes to wash? The answer is Yes, as more customers would likely mean more dishes used and therefore more dishes to wash. This suggests a causal relationship.
Analyzing Relationship (B): Analyze the relationship of option (B): Does having more customers in a restaurant cause there to be less light outside? The answer is No, as the amount of light outside is independent of the number of customers in a restaurant. This suggests a correlation that is likely due to a third variable, such as time of day, rather than a direct causal relationship.
Analyzing Relationship (C): Analyze the relationship of option (C): Does having more customers in a restaurant cause there to be fewer empty tables? The answer is Yes, as more customers occupying tables would naturally mean fewer empty tables. This suggests a causal relationship.
Selecting Correlation vs Causation: Finally, select the option that most likely reflects correlation but not causation. The answer is option (B) 'When a restaurant has more customers, there is less light outside.' This is because the number of customers is correlated with the time of day, which affects the amount of light outside, but the number of customers does not cause the change in light.

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