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Each of these relationships reflects a correlation. Which relationship most likely reflects correlation but not causation? $\newline$ Choices: $\newline$ (A) When artists paint more portraits, they use more paint. $\newline$ (B) When potters make more bowls, they use more clay. $\newline$ (C) When illustrators use more blue pencils, they use more green pencils.

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Correlation and causation

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Q. Each of these relationships reflects a correlation. Which relationship most likely reflects correlation but not causation?

\newline

Choices:

\newline

(A) When artists paint more portraits, they use more paint.

\newline

(B) When potters make more bowls, they use more clay.

\newline

(C) When illustrators use more blue pencils, they use more green pencils.

Analyzing Relationship of Option (A): Analyze the relationship of option (A): Does painting more portraits directly cause the use of more paint? The answer is Yes, as the use of paint is directly dependent on the number of portraits an artist paints. This is a direct relationship where the action of painting portraits requires paint, so it is likely a causation, not just correlation.
Analyzing Relationship of Option (B): Analyze the relationship of option (B): Does making more bowls directly cause the use of more clay? The answer is Yes, as the use of clay is directly dependent on the number of bowls a potter makes. Similar to option (A), this is a direct relationship where the action of making bowls requires clay, so it is likely a causation, not just correlation.
Analyzing Relationship of Option (C): Analyze the relationship of option (C): Does using more blue pencils cause an illustrator to use more green pencils? The answer is not necessarily, as the use of one color pencil does not cause the use of another color pencil. Illustrators may use different colors based on the requirements of their work, not because one color leads to the use of another. This suggests a correlation that might exist due to a third factor (such as the nature of the project requiring multiple colors) but not a direct causation.
Selecting Likely Correlation: Finally, select the option that most likely reflects correlation but not causation. The answer is (C) 'When illustrators use more blue pencils, they use more green pencils.' as the use of one color pencil does not directly cause the use of another color pencil.

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