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Each of these relationships reflects a correlation. Which relationship most likely reflects correlation but not causation? $\newline$ Choices: $\newline$ (A) When the weather is rainier, people see more worms. $\newline$ (B) When the weather is rainier, people stay indoors more. $\newline$ (C) When the weather is rainier, people do more gardening.

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Correlation and causation

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Q. Each of these relationships reflects a correlation. Which relationship most likely reflects correlation but not causation?

\newline

Choices:

\newline

(A) When the weather is rainier, people see more worms.

\newline

(B) When the weather is rainier, people stay indoors more.

\newline

(C) When the weather is rainier, people do more gardening.

Analyze Relationship of Option (A): Analyze the relationship of option (A): Does rainier weather cause more worms to be seen? While rainier weather may lead to worms coming out of the soil, thus being seen more often, it does not necessarily cause the worms to exist in the first place. The worms are already there, and the rain simply makes them more visible. This could be a case of correlation without direct causation.
Analyze Relationship of Option (B): Analyze the relationship of option (B): Does rainier weather cause people to stay indoors more? It is reasonable to think that people may choose to stay indoors to avoid getting wet, but this is a behavioral response to the weather, not a direct cause-and-effect relationship. The rain doesn't cause people to stay indoors; it's the people's decision to avoid the rain that causes them to stay indoors. This could also be a case of correlation without direct causation.
Analyze Relationship of Option (C): Analyze the relationship of option (C): Does rainier weather cause people to do more gardening? Generally, people do not garden in the rain, as it can be uncomfortable and impractical. Therefore, rainier weather is likely to correlate with less gardening, not more. This option seems to be the least likely to reflect correlation without causation.
Select Best Example: Select the option that most likely reflects correlation but not causation. Based on the analysis, option (A) ＂When the weather is rainier, people see more worms＂ seems to be the best example of correlation without direct causation. The presence of worms is not caused by the rain; they are simply more observable because of the rain.

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